Muffler



' M.A. BRANDT ET L MUFFLER Filed Nov. 25, 1921 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 v I gwuemfoz Maurice .17. Brandi,

My. A 55 M4 Ja n.27, 1925.

MFA. BRANDT ET AL.

MUFFLER Filed Nov. 25, 1 12 s Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Jan.27, 1925.

, UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MAURICE A. BRANDT, GUY n. SHEPPARD, AND CLARENCE N. RYAN, or NORFOLK,

. 1 VIRGINIA.

MUFFLER.

Application filed November 25, 1921. Serial No. 517,545.

invention will be readily understood by.

those skilled in the art in the light of the following explanation and detailed. description of the accompanying drawingsillustrating what we at present believe to be the preferred embodiments or mechanical expressions of our invention from among various other forms, embodiments, combi nations and constructions within the spirit 1 and scope thereof.

Those skilled in and familiar with the use and operation of internal combustion motors are well aware of the characteristics, inherent qualities and nature of the exhaust gases created and discharged from such motors during operation thereof. The exhaust gases from internal combustion motors are discharged in such a highly heated state, with frequently occurring discharge of incandescent or burning particles of matter, such as carbon or other products of combustion, with the exhaust gases, that there is the ever present possibility of such exhausted gases igniting any inflammable material or gases in the vicinity of or in proximity to the point at which an internal combustion motor is being operated. Further, these exhaust gases are usually of an obnoxious odor and are discharged from a motor accompanied 'by considerable noise or sound, as well known and understood by those skilled in the internal combustion motor art. With the advent of internal combustion motor driven tractors and various other internal combustion motor operated devices, for industrial purposes, it has often been desired to operate such tractors and devices for hauling and supplying power for operating machinery and various other purposes, in the presenceof inflammable stocks or materials and explosive or'combustible gases, for example as, in coal mines, on docks, in oil refineries, oil fields, lumber yards, cotton works, and warehouses, factories and other buildings and places where inflammable stocks, materials or gases are stored or liable to be encountered. However, due to the above referred to characteristics and nature of the exhaust gases from internal combustion motors, it has been found exceedingly dangerous, and in numbers of instances prohibited by insurance underwriters, to operate such motors in the Vic-inity of or around inflammable materials and m'places where combustible and explosive gases are present or liable to be encountered.

Therefore, it is one of the main objects of the present invention to provide means i for treating and handling the exhaust gases from internal combustion motors in'such a manner as to remove therefrom the several highly objectionable characteristics thereof and to thus discharge the exhaust gases in a cool fumeless and non-explosive and noncombustible state and to thereby permit the safe operation of internal combustion motors in proximity to and around inflammable material and lnflammable and explosive gases without possibility of ignition or explosion thereof by the exhaust gases.

It is a further object of this invention to provide means for treating and handling the exhaust gases from internal combustion motors, in such a manner as to remove the objectionable anddangerous characteristics of such gases, as discharged from a motor, as well as to'silence or materially reduce the noise or sound of such motors in operation, without the creation of any material back pressure causing loss of power to a motor with which said means is operatively con nected.

It is a further object of this invention to provide means in the form of a muffler for internal combustion motors, in which the exhaust gases from a motor are caused to pass through and over a body of liquid to remove the objectionable and dangerous characteristics from the exhaust gases as discharged from the motor, and which muffler is so arranged thatythe body of liquid for treating the exhaust gases acts as a cooling medium for the mufiier and the exhaust gases passed therethrou h.

It is a further object of this mvention to provide means in the form of a muflier for internal combustion motors, which will effectively silence the noise accompanying the discharge of the exhaust gases from such motors durin operation thereof.

It is a'furt ier object of this invention to provide means for handlin and treatm the exhaust gases discharg from interna combustion motors, by causing such ases to ass through and over a body of hquid in she I a manner that the gases are cooled and the dangerous characteristics removed therefrom by contact with the body of liquid before being dischar ed to atmos here.

Itis a further 0 ject of the invention to provide means in the form of a mufiier for internal combustion motors in which the exhaust gases from a motor are caused to pass into and through a series of expansion chambers to prevent back ressure into the exhaust manifold and to t on pass the expanded' gases through a series of tortuous assages in which a body of liquid is confined so that the ases come into contact with the liquid an are discharged to atmosphere in a cooled state with the dangerous characteristics thereof removed.

It is a further ob'ect' of this invention to provide a muflier 1 motors, in which the exhaust gases are caused to ass through andover a body of liquid con ned within the mufiier to assist in removing the dangerous and undesirable characteristics from" the gases before discharging them toatmosphere, and in which automatic means is provided for'rendering a motor with which the invention is con- 1 nected inolperative upon reduction of the quantity 0 the liquid withinthe mufiierto a point at which it becomes ineffective in nected.

performin ing the ex aust gases.

t is a further object of this invention to provide a muflier for internal combustion motors, so constructed and arranged as to prevent the entry of gases on the exterior of the muflier from" entering into the muffler and causing explosions therein upon contact with the exhaust gases from a motor with which the mufiler is operatively conthe required function in treat- It isa further object of this invention to provide internal combustion motor muffrom a motor by direct radiation of the heat from the. discharge gases to the atmosphere.

With the foregoing and various otherobjects in view, our invention consists in certwin novel features in constructionand in or internal combustion r line 2-2, Fig. 1.

Fi 3 is a vertical section taken on the line ,Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a .vertical transverse section taken on the line 4-4, Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a top plan view of a mufler embodying the invention, and particularly disclosing an arrangement of heat radiating blades or fins Fig. 6 is a side elevation of a mufller constructed as shown in Fi 6'.

Fig. 7 is a detail vertical section through the iquid gauge, and showin the means for rendering a motor inoperative upon reduction in t e body of liquid in a muflier of Ithe 1ilnvention.

n t e accom an drawi we have illustrated one orm i h d of our invention which is particularly adapted for use on and in connection with internal combustion motor driven tractors. However, the illustrated embodiment is purely by way of example of one form, arrangement and construction by means of which the features .and principles of our invention are mechaniuirements of cally expressed to meet the a particular application, it 'ng underd of course, that the invention is applicable to internal combustion motors and the various applications thereof generall and that we do not intend or desire to limit the invention to the particular embodiment illustrated herewith to fulfill the requirements of the referred to application.

The illustrated embodiment of the invention comprises a rectangular hollow body forming the box-like main casing 10 provided at a forward end portion-with the lateral extension 11 from one side thereof and forming the intake chamber of the muffier. The mufiler casing 10 withthe lateral extension 11 is mounted on a motor with the lateral extension 11 and adjacent and of the casing 10 forming the forward end of the mufiler and with the casing 10 thereof extending rearwardly therefrom. A port or aperture 13 is formed through the top wall 0 the extension 11 and this port is con-.

nected and in communication with the exhaust manifold of the motor (not shown) by means of the conduit 14 which discharges the exhaust gases from the motor through the port 13 into the extension 11 of the easing 10. A depending apertured cup or discharge head 15 is mounted in the ext 13 and extends a distance inwardly wit in the extension 11 in line with the port 13 through the top wall thereof. This cup or discharge head 15 is formed with the interiorly concave bottom or lower end closure 15, and a series of spaced apertures or ports 15* around and through the side wall of the discharge head. The discharge head 15 extends upwardly through the top wall of the extension 11 and is providedwith'the flange 15 fitting down onto the exterior surface of the top wall of the extension 11. The lower discharge end of the exhaust conduit 14 is provided with a radial annular flange 14 which fits down onto, against and is secured to the flange 15 of the discharge head by means of the bolts or other suitable fastening means 14. Any suitable or desired packing (not shown) may be interposed between and around the connected discharge head, conduit and upper wall of the extension 11, in order to provide an air tight,

leak proof fittingand connection at this oint.

A hood or bell 16 is mounted within the lateral extension 11 of "the casing 10, and forms the primary expansion chamber16 into which the exhausted gase's are discharged from the conduit 14, through the discharge head 15. The hood or bell 16 is provided with a closed upper end having an opening therethrough which fits upover the dependin discharge head and against the upper wa l of the extension 11. In the present instance the bolts 14* which secure.

the conduit 14 and head 15 in position on the extension 11, are extended through the upper closed end of the bell 16 and secure the same in position depending from the upper wall of the extension 11, around and surrounding the discharge head 15. The upper end portions 16 of the/side walls of the bell 16 are inclined up wa'rdly and'inwardly toward the upper "wall of the extension, so that a passage'is formed around and over the upper end thereof between the walls of the extension 11 and the hood or bell 16. In mounted secured position within the extension 11, the hood or bell 16 depends downwardly from the upper wall of the extension 11 and terminates a distance from and above the bottom wall of the extension 11 thus forming a space or secondary expansion chamber 11 around and surrounding the depending' bell 16, and primary expansion chamber formed thereby. The lower end of the depending hood or bell 16 is open and unobstructed so that the primary expansion chamber 16 and the secondary expansion chamber 11 are in communication. Any suitable or desired spacing and bracing members 16 are interposed between the lower end portions of the walls of the bell 16 and the adjacent walls of the'extension 11.

A bulkhead 17 is formed and interposed between the main body or casing '10 and the lateral extension 11 containing the expansion chambers 16 and 11. This bulkhead 17 is provided with a port 18 formed through the lower portion adjacent the forward edge thereof and providing a passage communicating with the extension 11 and the interior of the main body or casing 10 of the muflier. A second port 19, substantially in line with the lower port 18, is provided through the upper portion of bulkhead 17- and forms a passage communicating with the interior of the casing 10 from the upper portion of the secondary expansion chamber 11 of the extension 11. A series of vertically disposed slush plates 20, 21, 22 and 23, are mounted on the bottom wall of the casing 10, transversely of and extending across the interior of the casing 10, and spaced apart throughout the length of the casing 10. These slush plates extend upwardly a distance into the interior of the casing 10, terminate a distance from and be low the top wall thereof, and are secured along their side edges to the opposite side walls, respectively, of the casing 10. Suitable ports 20, 21, 22 and 23, are provided centrally through the lower end portions of the slush plates 20, 21, 22 and 23, respectively, thus forming communicating passages between the spaces or compartments into which the interior of the casing 10 is divided by the series of spaced vertical slush plates.

A series of spaced depending rearwardly inclinedbaflle plates 24, 25, 26 and 27, are mounted within the casing 10 and depend from the upper wall thereof in a certain relation with respect to the series of upwardly extending vertical slush plates mounted within the casing 10. The series of inclined bafile plates 24:, 25, 26 and 27 are secured to the under side of the upper wall of the easing 10, at points above and forwardly of the series of vertical slush plates 20, 21, 22 and 23, respectively, and are inclined rearwardly so as to extend over and across and spaced a distance above the upper ends of the respective slush plates above which they are mounted. The bafile plates 24, 25, 26

c and 27 extend transversely across the interior of the'casing 10 and have their opposite side edges secured to the opposite side walls of the casing 10, respectively, in a manner similar to the mounting and securing of the series of slush plates. The battle plates extend downwardly and rearwardly and terminate a distance below the upper ends of their respective slush plates, so that in effect, tortuous passages are formed between'the baffle 'plates and the slush plates, res ectively, extending from the forward en to the rear end of the casing throughout the length thereof. It will be noted that the rear baffle plate 27 adjacent the rear or discharge end of the casing 10, extends a greater distance downwardly below the upper end of the rear slush plate 23, for a purpose appearing. hereinafter. The rear end of the casing is provided with a discharge opening 12 in the form of a slot extending transversely across the upper substantially horizontally ings.

flow into the portion thereof. An angle member 28 is secured transversely across the interior of the rear end wall of thecasing 10 and slightly below the discharge opening 12. One flange of the angle member 28 extends and forwardlyfrom the end wall adistance below the discharge 'opening'12, and the other flange thereof'is suitably secured tothe end wall. The object-of this flange member 28 is referred to and explained hereinafter.

An opening 29 is provided through the top wall of the casing 10 at the forward portion thereof anda removable closure or cap 29" is mounted in said opening. The mufiler constructed as hereinbefore described issupplied with a body of liquid through the filling opening 29, and in the present instance the level of this body of liquid is indicated by the liquid level line shown in Figs. 3 and 4 of the accompanying draw- Due to the plates in the casing 10and'the lower port 18 in the bulkhead 17 between the expansion chamber 11 supplied through the filling opening 29 will extension 11 and into the'spaces or compartments between the slush plates inthe casing 10, so that, the body of liquid fills the compartment 10 and the extension 11 up to the indicated or desired level. In this connection the slush pl'ate ports and the lower port in the bulkhead 17, act as level seekers and maintain the body of liquid in the muffler the same throughout. As is clearl seen by reference to the accompanying rawing's, the body of liquid in the extension 11 extends up around and immerses the lower open end of the depending hood or bell 16 and forms a liquid se'al between the primary expansion chamber 16 and the secondary expansion chamber 11', so that, gases in passing therebetween are forced through the body of liquid. In the compartment 10 the body of liquid immerses the lower'portions of the slush plates 20, 21, 22 and 23, and terminates a distance below the upper ends thereof, while the rearwardly inclined bafile plates, with the exception of baffle plate 27,. terminate a dis tance above the level of the body of liquid. The'rearend bafile plate 27 extends rear wardly and downwardly into the body of liquidv with its lower end portion immersed thereby. Thus a liquid trap is formed be tween thedischarge opening 12 in the rear end of thecasing 10, and the interior of the I Any suitable or desired liquid level gauge ports through the slush iv and the casing 10, the liquid 30 may be mounted on the muflier to indicate the level of the body of liquid within the mufiler. In the present instance the 30 is mounted on the outer side 092 mufiler and in communication with the bod of liquid therein throu h the pipe 81 which term nates in a cock 3% b means of which the liquid can be drained from the mufiler when desired. The gauge 30 comprises the vertically'dis sed transparent tube 38 having a vente closure .34 closing the upper end thereof and secured thereon by the exterior guard rods 35. The operation of the fore 0mg auge is well known and understoo and once it is not deemed necessary to describe the same herein.

In Fi ures 5 and 6, a muflier of the invention is spaced parallel heat radiating blades or fins 40 mounted on the exterior of the muffler and covering the upper and lower sid outer side, and forward and rear ends t ereof. These blades are arranged extending from front to rear of the muflier'and vertically of the front and rear'ends to provide spaces therebetween for the assage of air and thus increase the heat radiati surfaces of the mufiler and materially ai in maintainin the same cooled. Any suitable or desired arrangement of the heat radiating blades or fins 40 may be utilized without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The present invention includes means adapted to be connected with the motor with a mufiler of the which invention is in operation, forrender the motor ino rative when the level oi ie body of liqui in the mufiier falls to the when the bod of liquid decreases in quantity sufiicient to render further operation of the motor angerous. One form of such means is illustrated, more or less diagrammaticall in Fi 7, of the drawin s, and is mounte on an controlled by theiiereinbefore referred to liquid level gauge 30. A float 50 of cork or any other suitable material, is placed in the liquid tube 33 and floats on the column of liquid therein. A vertically disposed wire or rod 51- is fixed in the float 50 and extends upwardly a distance therefrom within'the tube above they column of liquid, and is provided with a copper, or other suitable electrical conducti material disk 52, on its upper end. A pair of contact posts or pins 53 and 54 are mounted at diametrically opposite points through the liquid tube 33 and extend a slight distance therewithin. One of the contact pins 53, is connected by a wire 53 to the magneto of the motor ignition system (not shown) and the opposite post 54 is grounded by means of a wire or like electrical conductor 54. The position of the contact posts 53 and 54 in the tube 33, is such, that when the level of the liquid in the muflier falls to the danisclosed provided with a series of danger point, that is,

ger point the column of liquid descends causing the float 50 with rod 51 to descend until the disk 52 contacts with the posts 53 and 54, thus closing a circuit through wires 53 and 54, which grounds the motor ignition system and renders the motor inoperative until the body of liquid within the muffler is replenished. The increase of liquid in the mufiier raises the column of water in tube 33 hand the disk 52 is thereby raised out of contact with posts 53 and 54, and the circuit to ground is broken which renders the motor ignition system again operative. In the foregoing manner operation of a motor with an insufficient supply of liquid in a muflier is automatically prevented and the possibility of fires and explosions through carelessness or inadvertence overcome.

The operation of a mufiler constructed as hereinbefore described, is as follows. The muffler casing 10 and extension 11 are suitably mounted onand in connection with a motor and the motor exhaust manifold (not shown) is connected with the inlet port 13 in the extension 11, by means of the con- I the open unobstructed lower end of the duit 14. The desired quantity of liquid is supplied to the mufiier through the filling opening 29 and the closure; 29 therefor is secured in and'effectively closes the filling opening 29. As explained, the liquid passes through the port 18 in the bulkhead 17 into the extension 11 and through the various slush plate ports in thecasing 10, so that the level of the body of liquid in the casing 10 and extension 11 is the same throughout-. With the motor in operation the exhaust gases are discharged from the conduit 14 into the apertured cup or discharge head 15 and are there broken upby the spaced apertures or ports 15", through the side of the head 15. From the head 15 the gases are discharged into the primary expansion chamber 16, formed by the depending hood or bell 16, and expand within the chamber 16, thereby overcoming back pres sure through the conduit 14 into the motor.

The body of liquid in the extension 11 extends up into the expansion chambers 11 and 16 and surrounds and immerses the lower depending end portion of the hood or bell 16, so that a liquid seal is formed at primary expansion chamber 16. The gases,

after dischar e and expansion in the expansion cham er '16, are forced and pass downwardly through the body of liquid at the lower end thereof and then pass upwardly through this body of liquid and around the depending bell 16 into the secondary expanslon chamber 11 therearound and sur rounding the primary expansion chamber 16. ondary expansion chamber 11", pass upwardly, over and across the upper secured The gases after entry into the end of the depending hood or bell 16, and into the forward end of the casing 10 above the body of liquid therein,'through the port 19 in the bulkhead 17. Upon entry into the forward end of the casing 10 the gasesipass rearwardly, strike the rearwardly inclined bafiie plate 24 and are deflected downwardly and rearwardly over and across the upper end of the vertical slush plate 20, and under the lower end of the battle plate 24, above and over the body of liquid therebelow with which they come into contact and then upwardly to and striking the rearwardly inclined bafiie plate 25 and vertical slush late 21 associated therewith and spaced therefrom. In this manner the gases pass rearwardly through the tortuous passages formed between the vertical slush plates, and rearwardly inclined baffle plates until they reach the end bafiie plate 23, which extends into and is immersed in the body of liquid. The position and arrangement of the end bafile plate 23, is such that, a liquid trap is formed between the tortuous passages in the casing 10 and the discharge out let 12, to atmosphere, and the rearwardly flowing gases are forced or deflected downwardly through the body of liquid by the bafiie plate 23, pass through the liquid around and under the immersed lower end of this baffle plate and upwardly and outwardly throughv the discharge opening 12, to atmosphere. It is apparent from the foregoing, that; a liquid trap is formed at the discharge end of the muffler and that all the exhaust gases are forced to pass through this liquid trap before discharge to atmosphere. This feature provides a safe guard against the entry of gases from the exterior or surrounding atmosphere into the mufiler, with the motor with which the muffier is connected at rest, and thus prevents entry and accumulation of gases within the muflier which would be ignited or exploded upon starting operation of; the motor and discharge of heated exhaustijgases; into the mufiier. The foregoing ar raIigement and construction further provides against discharge of any exhaust gases to atmosphere in a dangerous condition, which condition might not have been removed during passage of the gases through the liquid and passages within the muflier.

The provision of the angle member 28 mounted as hereinbefore described, prevents splashing or spraying of liquid from casing 10 through the discharge opening 12 by the action of the gases passing therethrough or from vibration or shocks to which the mufiler is subjected in operation and use.

By the provision of the expansion chambers 16; and 11' formed in extension 11, the

exhaust, gases are immediately expanded 1115011 discharge into the mufiler, so that back pressure causmg loss of power 1n the motor manner that the objectionable and dan 1 gerous characteristics of such gases are removed therefrom andthat by the use of a muflier constructed to embody the features of this invention, internal combustion motors can be successfully operated, without 1 danger of fire oi explosion, in proximity to inflammable materials and inflammable and ex losive ases. I p

e bofy of liquid within the mufiler not only cools and lowers the temperature of the exhaust ases but materially aids in maintaining t e muflier' structure cool. With the use of the heat radiating blades or fins disclosed in Figs. 5 "and 6, the cooling of the body of liquid, the muflier structure and the gases passln therethrough is more ra idly accomplishe and it becomes possib e to f/ maintain. much lower temperatures in the mufller; These heat radiating flanges 40 can j be formed Separately and :secured to the 30,,mufiler casing or may be formed integral therewith. v p I The means for rendering a motor ino erative upon failure of the sup ly of liquld in the mufller provides an e ective auto- :15 matic under angerous conditions. The 0 ration of this means has been briefly escribed hereinbefore. i In the illustrated example of the inven- 4 tion, the mufiler disclosed is constructed of sheet material, preferably sheet steel,-'and the various elementsthereof, such as bafile plates, bulkheads, and slush plates are se-' cured and fastened in position by welding. However, it is to be understood that'we do not wish or intend to limit our invention to the particular material or manner of constructin and assembling the invention as describe it being apparent that the same ,7 :3 could be formed of cast material, or any of a number of well known materials suitable lto the conditions encountered in operating a muflier. It will also be apparent that the invention is capable of var ous applications .55 numbers of which i have. been referred to hereinbefore, and to which may be added applications to internal combustion motor dr ven boats, and to motors usedon and for propelling dirigible' aircraft in which the i sustaining medium is a gas which is frequently inflammable,'such as hydrogen. It is evident that fications, substitutions and de artures ma be resorted to without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention, andhente Therefor, it is ard against operation of a motor various changes, modiwe do not wish to limit our invention to the exact disclosures hereof.

Desiring to protect our invention. in the broadest manner egally possible, what we claim is:

1. In a mufller, a primary expansion chamber means for discharging exhaust gases thereinto, a seconda expansion chamber in communication with said rimary chamber, a confined bod of liqui interposed in the path of flow oi the gases be tween saidchambers, a casing in communication with said secondary expansion chain her and having a discharge outlet to atmosphere, and a series of be 0 plates mounted 1n said casing forming tortuous the exhaust gases in passin casing from said ex ansion c discharge to atmosp ere.

2. In a mufller, a casing having an exhaust gas inlet atone end and an exhaust gas discharge to atmosphere at the other end thereof, a series of spaced baflle plates with- 1 f0! t roug said embers to said in said casing depending from the upper wall thereof and extending thereacross, the said baflle plates inclined downwardly toward the discharge end of said casing and terminating a dlstance above the bottom wall thereof, a body of liquid in saidcasing and havin its level below the lowerends of said be e plates, and the baflle plate adjacent the discharge from said casing extended with the lower end thereof immersed in the body of liquid within the casing.

In a mufiler, a casing having an exhaust gas inlet at one end and an exhaust gas discharge to atmo here at the other end thereof, a series 0 spaced vertically disposed slush plates extending upwardly a distance from the bottom of the casing. said slush plates having rts through the lower end portions thereofla seriesof spaced baflle plates depending from the upper wall of said casing and inclined downwardly toward the discharge end of said casing, across and a distance above said slush plates, respectively, a body of liquid within the casing having the same level throughout due to said slush plate rts and a distance below the lower ends 0 said depending baflle plates and the end baflle plate adjacent said discharge to atmosphere extending a distance into the bod 0 liquid to form a liquid trap atthe disc arge end of the casing.

4. In a mufller for internalv combustion motors, a primary ex ansion chamber, a secondary expansion c ember surrounding said primary chamber, said primary expany gases into said primary expansion chamber ellifiying a cup-like apertured member 0 at the inner end and depending into ar expansion chamber surroundin ing into said secondary expansion chamber.-

5. In a muflier for internal combustion motors, a primary expansion chamber having .anintake for exhaust gases, a secondsaid 7 minar chamber-find in communication 1o tortuous passages therein n :communication at one jend :with said secondary ex ,ansion therewith, a casing with a series oi? chamber and dischargingi to atmosp ere at theothejr end, {and afl'iqu'id seal formed in- I {said casingait the discharge end of said tortuousjpassa esp 6. Ina mu er for internal combustion motors, a primary expansion chamber having an intake for exhaust gases, a second- '1 my expansion chamber in communication; with said primary expansion chamber to receive exhaust gases therefrom, a casing formed with a series of tortuous. passages therein inv communication at one end with said secondary expansion chamber and discharging to atmosphere at the other end.v

' thereof, a liquid seal at theydis'chargeend of said tortuous passages and a li' uld seal between said primary and secon ary expansion chambers, the said liquid seals formed by and embodying a sing e body of I confined liquid within the mu'flier.

7. In a mutiler for internal combustion motors,. a casing having an intake forex haust gases at one end-and a dlschar'ge to.

atmosphere at the other end, a bodyiofcon fined 1 liquid in the casing, a series of tortuous passages itormed in said casing between the intake and the discharge thereof and above the body of confined liquid therein, whereby exhaust gases pass there-- through over and in contact with said body of liquid, and a liquid seal formed by said I toward the discharge and terminating a distance above the body of liquid to form tortuous passages between the intake and the discharge above said body of liquid, and one of said baiile plates adjacent the discharge \from said casing extended into the body of liquid to form a liquid seal preventing entry of gases into said casing through the discharge thereof.

9. In a mufiier for internal combustion motors, a primary expansion chamber having an intake for exhaust gases, a secondary expansion chamber surrounding said primary chamber and in communication therewith, a casing in communication with and receiving exhaust gases from said secondary expansion chamber, a body of liquid in said casing and said secondary expansion chamber, said body of liquid forming a liquid seal between saidprimary and secondary expansion chambers, said casing having a discharge to atmosphere and formed with tortuous passages therein above said body of liquid between said secondary chamher and the'discharge to atmosphere, and a. liquid seal formed by said confined body of liquid inthe casing at the discharge to atmosphere to prevent the entry of gases into the casing. v v

- ,MAURICE A. BRANDT.

GUY R. SHEPPARD.

CLARENCE N. RYAN. 

